Piles, also known as haemorrhoids, are inflamed lumps located inside in the area between the rectum and anus (anal canal) and around the back passage of your bottom (anus). There is a network of veins located in the lining of the anal canal. These veins sometimes become swollen and engorged with more blood than usual. The swelling and the overlying tissue may form into lumps which are known as piles.

The common primary causes of piles are:

• Poor diet and inadequate fluid intake
• Stress
• Constipation or straining when passing stools
• Constant sitting or standing for long hours
• Obesity
• Constant heavy lifting
• Certain medications

Types of piles

Piles are classified by their location in and around the anal region. Piles are either internal or external. Having both internal and external piles can occur.

Internal piles: These are about 2cm to 3cm inside the anal canal in the upper region of the anal canal.

External piles: These form around the outer edge of the anus, closer to the surface, less than 2cm – 3cm away from the anal canal. Despite being named ‘external piles’ these are not always visible around the anus. It is the same with internal piles, these can become so enlarged that they drop down and hang outside of the anus.

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